As early as Andronicus (3rd century BC), Jupiter was called the son of Saturn. In particular, Cronus's role in the genealogy of the Greek gods was transferred to Saturn. The Romans identified Saturn with the Greek Cronus, whose myths were adapted for Latin literature and Roman art. The Roman land preserved the remembrance of a very remote time during which Saturn and Janus reigned on the site of the city before its foundation: the Capitol was called mons Saturnius. The planet Saturn and the day of the week Saturday are both named after and were associated with him.
The Temple of Saturn in the Roman Forum housed the state treasury and archives ( aerarium) of the Roman Republic and the early Roman Empire.
Saturnalia sacrifice free#
Saturn was especially celebrated during the festival of Saturnalia each December, perhaps the most famous of the Roman festivals, a time of feasting, role reversals, free speech, gift-giving and revelry. Saturn's consort was his sister Ops, with whom he fathered Jupiter, Neptune, Pluto, Juno, Ceres and Vesta. After the Roman conquest of Greece, he was conflated with the Greek Titan Cronus. Saturn's mythological reign was depicted as a Golden Age of abundance and peace. He was described as a god of time, generation, dissolution, abundance, wealth, agriculture, periodic renewal and liberation. Saturn ( Latin: Sāturnus ) was a god in ancient Roman religion, and a character in Roman mythology. Jupiter, Neptune, Pluto, Juno, Ceres and Vesta Saturn wearing his toga “capite velato” and holding a sickle (fresco from the House of the Dioscuri at Pompeii, Naples Archaeological Museum)
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